Abstract Ischemic heart disease is a major global cause of morbidity and premature death and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are predominantly shaped by the atherosclerotic plaque burden of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). However, recent studies have reported the diverse spectra and etiopathogenesis of chronic CAD, including in addition to atherosclerosis, coronary vasculature disorders, such as microvascular and vasospastic angina. Ischemia without obstructive CAD is increasingly recognized and can be caused by transient and/or sustained damage in myocardial perfusion, […]

Congenital heart defects are relevant from a medical, epidemiological, social and economic point of view, with prevalence ranging from 0.8% in more developed countries to 1.2% in underdeveloped countries. The largest portion of this population in Brazil is attended by the Unified Health System, the incidence in the Brazilian population is over 25,000 new cases / year or 9.1 per 1,000 (1,000) live births. With the development of fetal, neonatal cardiology and complex invasive therapeutic procedures, hybrids and intensive care […]

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) has several healthy effects, such as preventing chronic diseases and reducing mortality. However, 27.5% and 47% of the world’s and Brazilian’s adult population, respectively, do not reach the minimum recommended PA amount according to the latest guidelines. It has recently been observed that even lower than the recommended doses of PA promote health benefits. This information can be very useful as low-dose PA may be more feasible to achieve by a larger part of the population, […]

ABSTRACT In recent years, ultra-resistance sports have become major events. Its growing popularity contrasts with epidemiological evidence that suggests that intense or prolonged physical exercise may not be as beneficial as moderate. On the other hand, it is known that markers of myocardial damage and ventricular dysfunction, such as troponins and natriuretic peptides, may rise soon after endurance sports events, particularly in the ultra-resistance disciplines. As might be expected, some authors have suggested that extremely intense or prolonged exercise could […]

ABSTRACT Atrioventricular (AV) blocks are rarely observed in exercise test (ET), specially during the effort phase. There are few data available about exercise-induced AV blocks in specific guidelines or textbooks, which was the reason for this article. This is a narrative literature review with the aim of describe the physiological basis of the AV conduction during exercise and the possible mechanisms involved in the exercise-induced AV block genesis, as well as their prognostic implications. Moreover, the authors emphasize the importance […]